The spine provides support for your head, shoulders and body. It provides support to allow you to stand upright, and also provides flexibility to bend and twist your neck and back. It also protects your spinal cord. The spinal cord transmits nerve signals from the brain to target areas such as limbs and various organs of the body.
Your spine consists of three parts, namely, the neck (cervical bone), upper and middle back (thoracic bone) and lower back (lumbar bone). When viewed from the side, these sections form three natural curves. The curvature of the letter "C" in the neck (cervical spine) and lower back (lumbar spine) is called lordosis. The inverted “C” shape of the upper and middle back (thoracic bone) is called kyphosis.
These curves are important for balance and help us to stand tall. There is a normal range of each curve and we often see the absence of a normal "C" shape in the neck (cervical spine) and lower back (lumbar spine) as a result of spinal damage. If any of these curves become too big or small, it is difficult for us to stand straight and our posture becomes abnormal.
Abnormal curvature of the spine is also referred to as a spinal deformity. These conditions include kyphosis of the thoracic bone ("hunchback") and loss of lordosis of the lumbar bone ("flatback").
These normal curves viewed from the side should not be confused with scoliosis where the abnormal curvature is seen from behind, not from the side. Scoliosis is a sideways curve that makes the spine more visible as the letter "S" or "C".
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